Case-the way a word changes in relation to other words
"Case" shows the relationship of a noun,an adjective or a pronoun to another word.
Four kinds of case
Nominative case
In the nominative case,a noun or pronoun is used as the subject of a verb: - She cooked the food well.(Who cooked it?)
She met the guests,not the neighbor.(Whom did she met?) Objective (or accusative) case
In it,the noun or pronoun is used as the object of a verb: - Parvana is drawing a picture.(picture-the object)
We are standing on sand.(sand-object to "on") Possessive (or genitive) case
In the possessive case,someone's owbership,possession or responsibility is shown: - We are depending on the leader's policy.
- The ruler's palace,Akbar's rule,America's decisions.
Dative case
In the dative case,the indirect object is used: - She sent me a present.(She sent a present to me.direct object-a present;me-indirect object)
The vice-chancellor handed the students the degrees. - (The vice-chancellor handed the degrees to the students.direct object-the degrees;indirect object-the students)
It shows a writer's attitude towards his use of the verb.It is the condition of the mind which the verb represents.
Kinds of mood
- Indicative mood It is used to make a statement or ask a question. (a)The river sang its water music as I stood by its bank. (b)The moon is behind the white,golden and crimson clouds. (c)What are the worries that are troubling you?My worries are over.
- Imperative mood It is used to make orders (commands) or requests.Whenever one is asked to do something,the verb is in the imperative mood. (a)Go and bring your mother from the airport. (b)Kindly help me in this difficulty. (c)Return to me soon after the exam.
- (a) and (b) are orders (in the Second Person).(c) is request.
- Subjunctive mood It is used to express a wish or make statements which are imaginary or against fact. (a)We wish we were the rulers. (b)If it had rained,the fruits would have been riper. (c)In case she loses the case in court,she will lose her property. (d)Till you come,we shall stay here. (e)We desire that he be punished.
- (a) is descriptive of a condition against the fact.(b) also expresses a condition in the past.(c) gives the condition regarding the future, and so (d) does.(e) "be" is used for action to be taken in the future.
