The Sentence Structure

The sentence defined
A sentence is a combination of words that makes complete sense.It contains the idea.

• The pilot flew the plane through the clouds successfully.
  Razia played but we studied.
  The students will come when you call them.
  The people obey an able leader,as the country progresses,which results into prosperity.

The subject & the predicate
The subject and the predicate make up the sentence.

1. The subject
The subject is the person or thing about which something is said.
2. The predicate
The predicate is the part of the sentence which tells something about the subject.

Subject Razia we The students you The people the country which

Predicate played(while) studied. will come(when) call them. obey an able leader(as) progresses results in prosperity.

Subject Some leaders that Everyone None of the students

Predicate play dirty tricks push the people in backwardness. should be able to study, work,earn and succeed. has a right because of the terrorist situation.

Active & passive voice
A verb is in the active voice when its subject acts-when the subject does something(to its object).
A verb in the passive voice when its subject is acted on.

• Active:Able leaders should guide the country well.
• Passive:The country should be guided well by able leaders.

Where "the country should be guided well" is predicate while "able leaders" is subject.
Linking &helping verb & complements

1. The linking verb
It connects a noun or pronoun with words that describe the noun or pronoun.
• This well is deep.Those students were scholars.
• The verb,is, links the adjective,deep to the noun,well.In the second sentence,the verb,were, links the descriptive noun,scholars,to the noun,students.
2. Auxiliary or helping verbs
A helping verb helps the main verb to complete its meaning.
• (a)He was ruling yesterday,today he is begging.(b)We shall be leaving for Kaghan in a day or two.
• In (a) "was" helps "ruling" and "is" helps "begging."In (b) "shall,be" help "leaving."
It may be noted that one or more helping verbs and the main verb together form a verb phrase. Here "was ruling,""is begging" and "shall be leaving" are verb phrases.
3. Verbs of incomplete predication and complements
(a)The sense is sometimes complete with a verb in a sentence.
• The children cried.(intransitive verb)He plays tennis.(transitive verb)
(b)There are verbs which require additional words to complete their meaning.These words are called complements or completers. (c)The verbs requiring complements are called verbs of incomplete predication.
• She gave them presents.They look happy.
• The transitive verb "gave" requires "presents," complement.The intransitive verb "look" requires "happy," complement.
• She is a teacher."Is" requires "a teacher," the complement.

The NGOs (non-governmental organizations)

"NGOs" means the non-governmental organizations that try to solve the problems of the poor and helpless in the underdeveloped countries or the Third World.These organizations attend to rural problems,agricultural development,health care,education,women and children's problems,unemployment and other social matters.

The NGOs have a long history as many charitable organizations functioned in Europe and North America in the 6^th century and afterwards.These organizations were at first related to the church and had missionary aims.Later,educational organizations or institutions were established to educate the people in African and Asian countries under European rule.The American Medical Association was founded in 1847 and Save the Children was founded in England in 1919.These organizations remained engaged in socio-economic development,religious preaching,educating the people and providing them relief in emergencies like floods,fires and earthquakes.

A typical NGO is organized like a government department.It has its headquarters with the central offices and records.The officers and members of its staff sit and work in these offices.The staff usually includes native and foreign officers and workers according to the work they perform.Then there are field workers for outside activities.Their work extends to different parts of the province or country according to their assignments.An NGO's operational activities include making reports about its financial needs or funds,its plans or projects,its dealings with the local governments,its expenditures on its staff and its publications.

Let us have a pertial look at the NGO growth.The Red Cross was formed in 1863 to support war victims.The Save Children Fund was formed in the United Kingdom in 1919 to attend to the needs of children after the First World War.In Pakistan,the Islamic Ismaili sect has set up the Aga Khan Health service for large hospitals and village health centers.The Idara Kisan is a farmers organization that is operating in 109 villages of Kasur and Okara in the central Punjab.It provides help and guidance in farming and cattle growth to farmers and landowners.The APWA(All-Pakistan Women's Association) has acted creditably in setting up women's welfare organizations,colleges and schools all over the country.

We need to promote the NGO culture for the benefit of the common people.It is,however,necessary to have checks on the working NGOs to stop them from becoming purely commercial organizations.It is also important to see if they are working for national causes or have started serving foreign interests after getting funds from abroad.