Mad cow disease or Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy is a disease that was commonly found in sheep until it recently crossed the species barrier into cows, where it began to infect people. At least that's what the media told us. Scientists like Joe Gibbs of the National Institute of Neurology in Bethesda, MD-on the other hand-are saying meat itself only carries a "minimal" risk of infection, and milk and dairy products are safe.
Now for a little history on Mad Cow Disease: It was a disease prevalent in sheep for hundreds of years (Scrapie) and then it crossed the species border and appeared in cattle in Britain about 15 years ago where it is known as Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy or BSE. Mad Cow Disease is just a nickname-the cows do not actually go mad. The British government just recently decided that it has crossed another species barrier and appeared in humans as a disease known as Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease or CJD. CJD is a fatal, degenerative brain disease which takes from 2 to 30 years to incubate. There is currently no cure and in 90% of cases the infected person will die within a year. In the past year ten British people have contracted a variant of CJD apparently related to BSE; eight have already died.
The World Health Organization (WHO) produced a fact sheet on the risk of BSE in humans on March 26, 1996. Their main conclusion is that "if the measures taken in the United Kingdom...were being strictly implemented, the risk of...possible BSE transmission to humans, would be minimized."
The media has something else to say about this issue. Warnings throughout local news broadcasts and newspapers were saying that Mad Cow Disease was a serious threat. One article I found on the Internet called Mad Cow Disease "much more serious than AIDS." The heavily footnoted article finished with the challenge: "Do not take my word for any of this. Go to the library; check out Agricola, Medline, Biosis, Cab Extracts, the on-line catalog, anything. Time is of the essence." The web site that published it was an independent student-run magazine from Cornell University in Ithaca, NY. It had been published in 1994, well before the crisis in Britain. It was written by Michael Greger who had been a junior at Cornell when he wrote it and is now a medical student at Tufts University School of Medicine.
But according to Dr. Scott Ratzan, the director of health communications at Emerson College, the hypothesis that CJD is linked to Mad Cow disease turned out to be false. "We still don't know how humans contract CJD, but what is clear is that people do not get it by eating meat from cows or lamb. The mad cow prion has only been found in the brains of cattle afflicted with the disease, not in the muscle tissue."
According to the Centers for Disease Control, cited in the New York Times and Prevention Today, "There is no evidence that anyone in the United States has died of the 'mad cow' disease that has killed eight people in Britain." The New York Times confuses the two diseases BSE and CJD, however. The only things killed by BSE are cows.
There have been no reported cases of BSE in American cattle as of yet, but the prices of cattle, corn and soybeans plummeted after an Indiana farmer named Joseph Gabor died of CJD last month. A local newspaper said that is was "suspected" that he contracted the disease from working with infected bone meal fertilizer. The newspaper's source was the man's widow, who remarked, "I have no idea how he got it, unless it was something in the bone meal."
"Mad Cow" disease has made a substantial impact on the world beef market, bringing it to its knees. The greatest animal slaughter in recorded history ensured the media frenzy. Approximately 15,000 cows were incinerated or otherwise disposed of in a week (in Britain alone), and a total figure of $10 billion was lost worldwide.
The media's fear of "mad cow" disease has led to a frenzy that has had a detrimental affect on many people, scaring some enough to stop eating ground beef, and crippling the British beef market substantially. All of this was over a few coincidental cases of CJD seemingly linked to BSE and the "mad cow" prion. The prion is harmless, and resides in the cow's brain, not the muscle tissue, so no one even consumes it. So why all the fuss? It's a perfect example of science replaced by sensationalism in the media.
