The letters or the alphabet & the word

There are ,as you know,twenty-six letters in the English alphabet:a,b,c, to z are small letters and A,B,C to Z are capital letters.

Kinds of letters

The vowels are "a,e,i,o,u" and the consonants are all the other letters.The vowels can be sounded without the help of other letters."h","w",and "y" are semi-vowels as they produce vowel sounds partly,for example,"hour," in which h is silent.w and y are taken as vowels when they do not begin with a syllable.In "way" (pronounced wae),"y" gives a vowel sound,but "w" is a consonant.The consonants can be meaningfully sounded in combination with other letters.

The word

It is a group of letters or combination of sounds with some meaning.

• war-three letters +3 sounds

The word is the smallest unit of language that people can understand when they hear or read it.In English it is composed of one or more letters from a to z.

• a,one,play,building,Taj,government

Words make up a phrase,clause or sentence.

Word structure

1.The syllable
It is a word or part of a word that contains a single vowel sound.It can be uttered with a single stretch or voice such as can,sing,jump,(single-syllabled)."Cannot"(two-syllabled -can+not).
one-syllabled or mono-syllabled words:

• do,trick,step,gun,much,kick,stone,play,etc.

These have one-unit sounds.
Two-syllabled,three-syllabled words and words having more syllables than three may be noted from these examples:

• playing(play-ing,two-syllabled,Kashmir(Kash-mir,two-syllabled);
  condition(con-di-tion,three-syllabled);hopelessness(hope-less-ness,three-syllabled);engineering(en-gi-neer-ing,four-syllabled);dispassionate(dis-pa-ssion-ate,four-syllabled);particularly(par-ti-cu-lar-ly,five-syllabled);nationalization(na-tion-al-i-za-tion,six-syllabled).

For stressed and unstressed syllables of words,look up a standard dictionary.
2.The affix
It means here a letter or group of letters added to the beginning or end of a word to change its meaning or the way it is used.It is a prefix or a suffix.
3.The prefix
It means a letter or group of letters added to the front of a word to change its meaning.

• The prefix in "inexact" is "in.".In "re-employ,"the prefix is "re."In "pre-planned,"the prefix is "pre."
  In "incorrect,"the prefix is"in"."In"unchanged,"the prefix is "un.""In"disagree," the prefix is "dis."

4.The suffix
It means a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to make another word.

• "less"in careless,"ly" in slowly,"al" in additional,"free" in trouble-free."y" in dirty are suffixes.

In words we have to be careful about the way they are spelt,with or without prefixes and suffixes.
5.AccentIt is stress laid on a single syllable,as in "terror" the first syllable "ter" is stressed.
6.Emphasis
It is stress applied to a syllable,word or passage by the use of jestures(motions of body parts),italics or other signs,as in "it will horrify all of us"(all the sentence is emphasized),in "Whom can we trust?"('whom"is emphasized),in "wonder", the first syllable,"won" is emphasized or stressed.
7.Inflection(also inflexion)
It is change in the form of a word by adding affixes or by changing the form of a base,for example,sky-skies;marble-marbles;man-men;try-tries;drama-dramatic.There is a sound change in the pronunciation of the new words.Inflection makes clear the grammatical principles in terms of number,person,tense and mood.
8.Conjugate
It means giving the different forms of a verb as it changes according to number,person,tense,etc.

• I play,he plays,you play,etc.